| JURI 2003/04 | Europarl 2003/09 | Checklist | Votes | Debate 03/09/23 | result |
[texto da proposta original da Comissão Europeia]
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 29=59=41 [Números das emendas] | EDD, VERD+GUE, UEN, .. [Subscritores] | ++ [recomendação de voto] | 410:179 [resultado da votação] | Proposta para Directiva do Concelho e Parlamento Europeu sobre os limites da patenteabilidade no que diz respeito ao processamento automático de dados e os seus campos de aplicação [texto da emenda] |
[Justificação da amostra/comentários]
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 116 | Kauppi | ++ | - | This directive lays down the rules concerning the limits of patentability and patent enforceability with respect to computer programs. |
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36=42=117 | EDD, UEN, Kauppi | +++ | + | (a) "computer-implemented invention" means any invention in the sense of the European Patent Convention the performance of which involves the use of a computer, computer network or other programmable apparatus and having in its implementations one or more non-technical features which are realised wholly or partly by a computer program or computer programs, besides the technical features that any invention must contribute; |
| 14 | JURI | -- | - | (a) "computer-implemented invention" means any invention the performance of which involves the use of a computer, computer network or other programmable apparatus and having one or more features which are realised wholly or partly by means of a computer program or computer programs; |
As emendas 36, 117 e 42 clarificam que uma inovação apenas é patenteável se estiver conforme o Art. 52 da PEC, independentemente de parte da sua implementação se tratar ou não de um programa de computador. A Emenda 14 permitiria que um programa de computador puro possa ser reivindicado como "uma invenção cuja actuação envolve o uso de um computador e tendo todas as suas capacidades realizadas através de um programa de computador", contradizendo assim o Art. 52º da CEP.
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 69 | PSE (Medina) | +++ | + | (b) "technical contribution" means a contribution to the state of the art in a technical field which is not obvious to a person skilled in the art. The use of natural forces to control physical effects beyond the digital representation of information belongs to a technical field. The processing, handling, and presentation of information do not belong to a technical field, even where technical devices are employed for such purposes. |
| 107 | Kauppi | ++ | + | (b) "technical contribution", also called "invention", means a contribution to the state of the art in technical field. The technical character of the contribution is one of the four requirements for patentability. Additionally, to deserve a patent, the technical contribution has to be new, non-obvious, and susceptible of industrial application. |
| 96 | ELDR (Manders, Plooij) | - | - | (b) "technical contribution" means a contribution, involving an inventive step to a technical field which solves an existing technical problem or extends the state of the art in a significant way to a person skilled in the art. |
A Emenda 96 parece implicar que apenas o problema, mas não a solução, necessita ser técnico. A palavra "significante" não tem nenhum sentido legal e por isso leva à confusão e não à clarificação. Evidentemente é necessário definir claramente o que significa "técnico" para isto ter algum efeito útil. Exigir que um problema técnico seja resolvido é tão mau ou pior quanto a proposta da CEC. Não nos devemos focar na aplicação (o problema resolvido) mas na solução (o resultado de investigação empírica que possa merecer uma patente). Pode-se dizer de qualquer software que resolve um problema técnico, mas se a solução apenas inova no software, não pode ser considerada uma solução técnica (ou pelo menos não uma nova solução técnica).
Amendment 69 goes in the right direction by stating that "processing, handling, and presentation of information do not belong to a technical field". It risks mixing the "technical contribution" (= invention) requirement with non-obviousness requirements, similar to 96. However even though the wording is redundant, there is nothing wrong with saying that the contribution (invention) must be "non-obvious". This can even help to correct EPO misperceptions, according which "the non-obviousness must contain a technical contribution". Given that this amendment also defines what "technical fields" (Art 27 TRIPs) are, it is extremely useful.
Por fim, a Emenda 107 acerta em cheio: afirma claramente que um "contributo técnico" é um sinónimo para invenção e repete os requisitos de patententeabilidade do Art. 52º da CEP. Esta emenda não limita a patenteabilidade de forma alguma, apenas confirma o Art. 52º da CEP e remove qualquer confusão que possa derivar da mistura dos testes de patenteabilidade, que o texto original da CEC e outras emendas confunde.
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 55=97=108 | ELDR, VERD+GUE+, Kauppi+ | ++ | + | (ba) "technical field" means an industrial application domain requiring the use of controllable forces of nature to achieve predictable results. "Technical" means "belonging to a technical field". The use of forces of nature to control physical effects beyond the digital representation of information belongs to a technical domain. The production, handling, processing, distribution and presentation of information do not belong to a technical field, even when technical devices are employed for such purposes. |
| 37 | EDD, UEN | ++ | 0:0 | "Technology" means "applied natural science". "Technical" means "concrete and physical". |
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 39=43 | EDD, UEN | ++ | - | (bb) "invention" in the sense of patent law means "solution of a problem by use of controllable forces of nature" ; |
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 38=44=118 | EDD, Kauppi++, UEN | ++ | + | (bc) "industry" in the sense of patent law means "automated production of material goods"; |
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15 | JURI | + | 0:0 | (apagado) |
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 45 | UEN | +++ | 0:0 | Member states shall ensure that data processing is not considered to be a field of technology in the sense of patent law, and that innovations in the field of data processing are not considered to be inventions in the sense of patent law. |
Se o processamento de dados é "técnico", então qualquer coisa o é.
Data processing is a common basis of all fields of technology and non-technology. With the advent of the (universal) computer in the 1950s, automated data processing (ADP) became pervasive in society and industry.
Tal como escreve Gert Kolle, um reconhecido teórico por detrás de decisões dos anos 1970s de excluir o software da patenteabilidade, em 1977 (ver Gert Kolle 1977: Technik, Datenverarbeitung und Patentrecht -- Bermerkungen zur Dispositionsprogramm - Entscheidung des Bundesgerichtshofs):
A CULT foi sensata ao votar por uma clara exclusão do processamento de dados do alcance do significado de "tecnologia".
Diversos estudos, alguns deles conduzidos por instituições da UE, tal como as opiniões do Comité Economico-Social Europeu e o Comité Europeu das Regiões, explicam detalhadamente porque é que a economia da Europa irá sofrer danos se as inovações no processamento de dados não forem excluidas da patenteabilidade.
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ? | JURI | o | 0:0 | (Split into parts 1 2 and 3.) |
JURI has split this article into parts 1, 2 and 3. This is dangerous because it prevents certain amendments, which may apply to the whole article, from being put to vote.
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16-1 | JURI | - | - | In order to be patentable, a computer-implemented invention must be susceptible of industrial application and new and involve an inventive step. |
| 56=98=109 | ELDR, VERD+GUE+, Kauppi+ | ++ | + | Member States shall ensure that patents are granted only for technical inventions which are new, non-obvious and susceptible of industrial application. |
ver BPatG Fehlersuche 2002/03/26: System für verbesserte Recheneffizienz = Programm als solches
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 48 | UEN | ++ | - | Member States shall ensure that it is a condition of constituting an invention in the sense of patent law that an innovation, regardless of whether it involves the use of a computer or not, must be of technical character. |
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16-2 | JURI | o | + | In order to involve an inventive step, a computer-implemented invention must make a technical contribution. |
| 82 | EDD | + | - | (apagado) |
Para além disto, o texto da Comissão implica que as ideias enquadradas em termos de um computador de uso genérico (programas de computador) são invenções patenteáveis. Ser apagado, como propõe a emenda 82, poderia ser uma ajuda, porque o único efeito deste parágrafo é confundir os teste de patenteabilidade dessa forma impossibilitando a rejeição de candidaturas de patentes não-estutárias sem examinação substancial da parte dos gabinetes de patentes nacionais. A Emenda 16 comete o mesmo erro do texto da Comissão, apenas limpa um pouco melhor a linguagem. A Emenda 40 foi retratada, e agora é tabelada como uma inserção (83).
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16-3 | JURI | - | - | The technical contribution shall be assessed by considering the state of the art and the scope of the patent claim considered as a whole, which must comprise technical features, irrespective whether or not such features are accompanied by non-technical features. |
| 57=99=110 | ELDR, VERD+GUE, Kauppi | ++ | 0:0 | The technical contribution shall be assessed by consideration of the difference between all of the the technical features of the patent claim and the state of the art. |
| 100 | ELDR | - | +,- | 3. The significant extent of the technical contribution shall be assessed by consideration of the difference between the technical elements included in the scope of the patent claim considered as a whole and the state of the art. Elements disclosed by the applicant for a patent over a period of six months before the date of the application shall not be considered to be part of the state of the art when assessing that particular claim. |
Contudo, a proposta da Comissão Europeia nulifica o seu próprio conceito de "contributo técnico" ao permitir que a contribuição possa consistir em capacidades não técnicas. A versão da JURI apenas afirma que as reivindicações devem conter capacidades técnicas, mas isto não é nenhum limite real. Um exemplo clarifica isto. Suponhamos que queremos patentear um programa de computador, então dizemos que isso é a "contributo técnico". Nas reivindicações descrevemos a aplicação deste programa, então dizemos que patenteamos a execução deste programa num computador. Agora as reivindicações, como um todo, contêm características técnicas (o computador), e a diferença entre as reivindicações e o todo (computador, conhecido, + programa, novo) e o estado da arte (o computador conhecido) é o programa de computador. Assim um programa de computador pode ser um contributo técnico, de acordo com esta condição, o que é completamente contraditório (pois um programa de computador não pode ser técnico). É evidente que é necessária uma correcção tal como a que está na emenda 57=99=110, se o conceito de "contributo técnico" for mesmo para ser utilizado.
O período de graça da novidade proposto pela emenda 100 é uma questão independente. Como demonstrado por uma consulta recente conduzida pelo Gabinete de Patentes do Reino Unido, é muito controverso mesmo entre aqueles que supostamente beneficiariam dele. Não é claro se um período de novidade iria sequer, com osugerido pelo relatório da ITRE, beneficiar as PMEs. No caso do desenvolvimento do software livre, poderia ainda causar insegurança adicional acerca de se as ideias publicadas estão livres de patentes.
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 70 | PSE | + | + | In determining whether a given computer-implemented invention makes a technical contribution, the following test shall be used: whether it constitutes a new teaching on cause-effect relations in the use of controllable forces of natures and has an industrial application in the strict sense of the expression, in terms of both method and result. |
Para além disto, dizendo que este teste "deve ser aplicado", a provisão não exige claramente que o teste tem de ter sucesso, nem define o que entende por "contributo técnico".
Por fim, não existe definição legal de "aplicação industrial no sentido estrito da expressão, tanto em termos de método como de resultado".
Apesar desta falta de visão, recomendamos que seja suportada a Emenda 70. Pelo menos codifica aspectos centrais do conceito de "invenção técnica". Assim, em combinação com outras emendas, poderia eventualmente contribuir para definir um limite claro à patenteabilidade.
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 17 | JURI | - | + | Exclusions from patentability A computer-implemented invention shall not be regarded as making a technical contribution merely because it involves the use of a computer, network or other programmable apparatus. Accordingly, inventions involving computer programs which implement business, mathematical or other methods and do not produce any technical effects beyond the normal physical interactions between a program and the computer, network or other programmable apparatus in which it is run shall not be patentable. |
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 87 | PPE-DE | o | n | Exclusions from patentability A computer-implemented invention shall not be regarded as making a technical contribution merely because it involves the use of a computer, network or other programmable apparatus. Accordingly, inventions merely involving computer programs (data processing which implement business, mathematical or other methods and do not produce any technical effects beyond the normal physical interactions between a program and the computer, network or other programmable apparatus in which it is run shall not be patentable.) |
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 47=60 | VERD+GUE++, UEN | ++ | + | Member States shall ensure that computer-implemented solutions to technical problems are not considered to be patentable inventions merely because they improve efficiency in the use of resources within the data processing system. |
ver Why Amazon One Click Shopping is Patentable under the Proposed EU Directive
As Emendas 47 e 60 claramente dizem ao EPO que deve seguir o Tribunal Federal de Patentes alemão de recusar-se a considerar melhorias na eficiência do processamento de dados um "contributo técnico".
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 46=83 | EDD, UEN | ++ | - | Member States shall ensure that patents on computerised innovations are upheld and enforced only if they were granted according to the rules of Article 52 of the European Patent Convention of 1973, as explained in the European Patent Office's Examination Guidelines of 1978. |
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18 | JURI | -- | 0:0 | A claim to a computer program, on its own, on a carrier or as a signal, shall be allowable only if such program would, when loaded or run on a computer, computer network or other programmable apparatus, implement a product or carry out a process patentable under Articles 4 and 4a. |
| 49=58=101 | ELDR, VERD+GUE, UEN | ++ | - | Member States shall ensure that a computer-implemented invention may be claimed only as a product, that is a set of equipment comprising both programmable apparatus and devices which use forces of nature in an inventive way, or as a technical production process operated by such a computer, computer network or apparatus through the execution of software. |
| 102=111 | ELDR, Kauppi | + | + | (a) Member States shall ensure that a computer-implemented invention may be claimed only as a product, that is as a programmed device, or as a technical production process. |
No entanto, o texto da CEC ainda sugere que o computador de uso genérico e regras de cálculo conhecidos (= programas de computadores) constituem produtos e processos patenteáveis. A emenda 101/58 tenta resolver este problema. Pode ser uma boa ideia substituir "processos técnicos de produção operados por computador" por "os processos inventivos executados nesse tipo de equipamento" se isso for ainda possível na forma de uma "emenda de compromisso". A emenda 102 define "invenção implementada em computador" como sendo apenas um produto ou um processo técnico de produção. Desde que "técnico" seja definido, isto pode ser útil. No entanto, um computador que executa um programa pode também ser considerado como um "dispositivo programado", e patentear o uso de um programa de computador quando executado num computador tem o mesmo efeito que patentear o programa em si mesmo: não existe outra forma de utilizar um programa de computador senão executando-o num computador.
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 62 | GUE | + | o | Limitation of the effects of patents granted to computer-implemented inventions Member States shall ensure that the rights conferred by the patent shall not extend to the acts done to run, copy, distribute, study, change or improve a computer program which is distributed under a licence that provides for:
|
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 72 | PSE | o | o | Die Mitgliedstaaten stellen sicher, dass auf computerimplementierte Erfindungen erteilte Patentansprüche nur den technischen Beitrag umfassen, der den Patentanspruch begründet. Ein Patentanspruch auf ein Computerprogramm, sei es auf das Programm allein oder auf ein auf einem Datenträger vorliegendes Programm, ist unzulässig. |
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 103=119 | ELDR, Kauppi | ++ | + | Member States shall ensure that the production, handling, processing, distribution and publication of information, in whatever form, can never constitute direct or indirect infringement of a patent, even when a technical apparatus is used for that purpose. |
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 104-1=120-1 | ELDR, Kauppi | o | + | (c) Member States shall ensure that the use of a computer program for purposes that do not belong to the scope of the patent cannot constitute a direct or indirect patent infringement. |
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 104-2, 120-2 | ELDR, Kauppi++ | + | 0:0 | (d) Member States shall ensure that whenever a patent claim names features that imply the use of a computer program, a well-functioning and well documented reference implementation of such a program is published as part of the patent description without any restricting licensing terms. |
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 19 | JURI | o | + | The rights conferred by patents granted for inventions within the scope of this Directive shall not affect acts permitted under Articles 5 and 6 of Directive 91/250/EEC on the legal protection of computer programs by copyright, in particular under the provisions thereof in respect of decompilation and interoperability. |
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 50 | UEN | +++ | - | (a) Member States shall ensure that, wherever the use of a patented technique is needed for the sole purpose of ensuring conversion between the conventions used in two different data processing systems so as to allow communication and exchange of data content between them, such use is not considered to be a patent infringement.. |
| 20 | JURI | ++ | + | (a) Member States shall ensure that wherever the use of a patented technique is needed for the sole purpose of ensuring conversion of the conventions used in two different computer systems or network so as to allow communication and exchange of data content between them, such use is not considered to be a patent infringement. |
| 76 | PSE | -- | - | (a) Member States shall ensure that, wherever the use of a patented technique is needed for a significant purpose such as ensuring conversion of the conventions used in two different computer systems or networks so as to allow communication and exchange of data content between them, such use is not considered to be a patent infringement, provided that it does not unreasonably conflict with a normal exploitation of the patent and does not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the patent owner, taking account of the legitimate interests of third parties. |
| 105 | ELDR | -- | - | Use of patented technologies Member States shall ensure that, wherever the use of a patented technique is needed for the sole purpose of ensuring conversion of the conventions used in two different computer systems or networks so as to allow communication and exchange of data content between them, such use is not considered to be a patent infringement, provided that:
|
A emenda 76 retira toda e qualquer clareza no que diz respeito a quando é ou não permitido o uso de técnicas patenteadas para interoperação. Vai contra o objectivo principal da directiva, que é concretizar certas regras abstractas, incluindo as do Art 30 TRIP, e com isso atingir clareza e segurança legal.
É aprazível que a emenda 105 concorde connosco na afirmação de que uma "invenção implementada em computador" não pode significar mais que software em execução num computador. No entanto, as excepções que menciona são estranhas. Em primeiro lugar, se a invenção depende da máquina, não há qualquer exigência de interoperabilidade. Se não há exigência de interoperabilidade, a emenda 20 não se pode aplicar. Reciprocamente, se existe um tal exigência, então a invenção patenteada não funcionará como uma máquina independente ou invenção técnica. A segunda afirmação é deveras perigosa, uma vez que espera que os tibunais decidam, falhando assim na obtenção do objectivo da directiva, a clareza. Como demonstram os casos anti-trust contra a Microsoft tanto nos EUA como na Europa, é extremamente difícil e moroso determinar se algum comportamento desrespeita a lei da competição actual. Isto retiraria o sentido da afirmação acerca da interoperabilidade e colocaria PME's numa desvantagem ainda maior, uma vez que as grandes companhias dispoem de incomparavelmente mais meios para usar em casos resolvidos em tribunais.
ver também Interoperability and the Software Patents Directive: What Degree of Exemption is Needed
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 106 | ELDR | o | - | (b) Term of patent The term of a patent granted for computer-implemented inventions pursuant to this Directive shall be 7 years as from the date of filing. |
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 21 | JURI | - | o | The Commission shall monitor the impact of computer-implemented inventions on innovation and competition, both within Europe and internationally, and on European businesses, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, and electronic commerce. |
| 91 | PPE-DE | + | 0:0 | The Commission shall monitor the impact of patent protection for computer-implemented inventions on innovation and competition, both within Europe and internationally, and on European businesses. Special attention will be paid to the position of small and medium-sized enterprises and of electronic commerce and to the impact of dominant positions on the functioning of the market. |
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 90 | PPE-DE | -- | - | The Commission shall examine the question of how to make patent protection more readily accessible to small and medium-sized enterprises and ways of assisting them with the costs of obtaining and enforcing patents. |
| 71 | PSE | - | +,- | The Commission shall monitor the impact of computer-implemented inventions on innovation and competition, both within Europe and internationally, and on European businesses, especially small and medium-sized enterprises and the open source community, and electronic commerce. The Commission shall examine the question of how to make patent protection more readily accessible to small and medium-sized enterprises and ways of assisting them with the costs of obtaining and enforcing patents, in particular through the creation of a defence fund and the introduction of special rules on legal costs. It shall report on its findings to the European Parliament and the Council and present appropriate proposals for legislation without delay. |
A emenda 90 é parecida mas menos explícita.
Both amendments 71 and 90 call for an insurance for promotion not of defence of software companies against patent aggression, but, on the contrary, of aggressive use of patents by specialised patent litigation SMEs such as Eolas and Allvoice against software companies. The archetype for the "Patent Defence" concept is the "Patent Defence Union" created by the CEO of Allvoice Computing PLC. Allvoice is the "ten-person company located in an employment blackspot in south-west England" which Arlene McCarthy praises in her JURI Draft Report. Allvoice has hardly produced any software itself, certainly not speech recognition software, but it used two trivial and broad patents on user interfaces in order to extort money from real speech recognition software companies. By promoting the Patent Defence scheme as set out in this amendment, MEPs should note that they would be promoting litigation instead of innovation.
Several EU studies on SMEs and software patents have found that there are systematic reasons why SMEs are not using the patent system. These are unlikely to be overcome by any proselytising system, no matter how much public money is poured into it.
[...]
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 89 | PPE-DE (Wuermeling) | + | 0:0 | (ca) the impact on the conversion of the conventions used in two different computer systems to allow communication and exchange of data |
| 92 | PPE-DE (Thyssen) | + | + | whether the rules governing the term of the patent and the determination of the patentability requirements, and more specifically novelty, inventive step and the proper scope of claims, are adequate; and |
| 93 | PPE-DE (Thyssen) | + | + | (ca) whether the option outlined in the Directive concerning the use of a patented invention for the sole purpose of ensuring interoperability between two systems is adequate; |
| 94 | PPE-DE (Thyssen) | + | + | 1a In this report the Commission shall justify why it believes an amendment of the Directive in question necessary or not and, if required, will list the points which it intends to propose an amendment to. |
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 52=54=68 | EDD, VERD+GUE, UEN | +? | - | reject the proposed directive |
ver Conditions for Approval of the Software Patent Directive Proposal
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 29=41=41 | EDD, VERD+GUE, UEN, .. | ++ | - | Proposta para Directiva do Concelho e Parlamento Europeu sobre os limites da patenteabilidade no que diz respeito ao processamento automático de dados e os seus campos de aplicação |
ver Article 1
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30 | EDD | + | - | (apagado) |
| 1 | JURI | - | + | The realisation of the internal market implies the elimination of restrictions to free circulation and of distortions in competition, while creating an environment which is favourable to innovation and investment. In this context the protection of inventions by means of patents is an essential element for the success of the internal market. Effective, transparent and harmonised protection of computer-implemented inventions throughout the Member States is essential in order to maintain and encourage investment in this field. |
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | JURI | - | ? | Therefore, the legal rules as interpreted by Member States' courts should be harmonised and the law governing the patentability of computer-implemented inventions should be made transparent. The resulting legal certainty should enable enterprises to derive the maximum advantage from patents for computer-implemented inventions and provide an incentive for investment and innovation. Legal certainty will also be secured by the fact that, in case of doubt as to the interpretation of this Directive, national courts may and national courts of last instance must seek a ruling from the Court of Justice. |
A Emenda 2 parece apelar ao facto de que a redacção de uma determinada lei da União Europeia, independentemente do conteúdo, por si já conduz a certeza legal, apenas porque o tribunal Luxemburguês pode interpretar esta lei. Esta afirmação não é apenas questionável, não faz sequer sentido na medida em que
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 88 | PPE-DE | + | + | The rules pursuant to Article 52 of the European Patent Convention concerning the limits to patentability should be confirmed and clarified. The consequent legal certainty should help to foster a climate conducive to investment and innovation in the field of software. |
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 31 | EDD | + | + | (apagado) |
Deletion is good, but clarification would have been better.
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 32=112 | EDD, Kauppi | + | + | Under the Convention on the Grant of European Patents signed in Munich on 5 October 1973 and the patent laws of the Member States, programs for computers together with discoveries, scientific theories, mathematical methods, aesthetic creations, schemes, rules and methods for performing mental acts, playing games or doing business, and presentations of information are expressly not regarded as inventions and are therefore excluded from patentability. This exception applies because the said subject-matter and activities do not belong to a field of technology. |
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | JURI | o | 0:0 | The aim of this Directive is not to amend the European Patent Convention, but to prevent different interpretations of its provisions. |
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 95 | ELDR | + | + | Parliament has repeatedly asked the European Patent Office to review its operating rules and for the Office to be publicly accountable in the exercise of its functions. In this connection it would be particularly desirable to reconsider the practice in which the Office sees fit to obtain payment for the patents that it grants, as this practice harms the public nature of the institution. In its resolution1 on the decision by the European Patent Office with regard to patent No EP 695 351 granted on 8 December 1999, Parliament requested a review of the OfficeÕs operating rules to ensure that it was publicly accountable in the exercise of its functions. |
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 61 | GUE | + | - | Free software is providing a highly valuable and socially useful way of building common and shared innovation and knowledge diffusion. |
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 113 | UEN, Kauppi | ++ | - | While computer programs are abstract and do not belong to any particular field, they are used to describe and control processes in all fields of applied natural and social science. |
| 33 | EDD | + | - | (apagado) |
| 4 | JURI | - | o | In order to be patentable, inventions in general and computer-implemented inventions in particular must be susceptible of industrial application, new and involve an inventive step. In order to involve an inventive step, computer-implemented inventions should make a technical contribution to the state of the art. |
| 84 | PPE-DE | - | + | In order to be patentable, inventions in general and computer-implemented inventions in particular must be susceptible of industrial application, new and involve an inventive step. In order to involve an inventive step, they must in addition make a new technical contribution to the state of the art, in order to distinguish them from pure software. |
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 51 | UEN | + | - | While computer programs are abstract and do not belong to any particular field, they are used to describe and control processes in all fields of applied natural and social science. |
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 73 | PSE | o | o | Computer-implemented inventions are only patentable if they may be considered to belong to a field of technology and, in addition, are new, involve an inventive step and are susceptible of industrial application.. |
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | JURI | -- | o | Accordingly, even though a computer-implemented invention belongs by virtue of its very nature to a field of technology, it is important to make it clear that where an invention does not make a technical contribution to the state of the art, as would be the case, for example, where its specific contribution lacks a technical character, the invention will lack an inventive step and thus will not be patentable. When assessing whether an inventive step is involved, it is usual to apply the problem and solution approach in order to establish that there is a technical problem to be solved. If no technical problem is present, then the invention cannot be considered to make a technical contribution to the state of the art. |
| 114=125 | Kauppi, GUE | ++ | + | Accordingly, an innovation that does not make a technical contribution to the state of the art is not an invention in the sense of patent law. |
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 34=115 | EDD, Kauppi | + | + | (apagado) |
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | JURI | o | o | However, the mere implementation of an otherwise unpatentable method on an apparatus such as a computer is not in itself sufficient to warrant a finding that a technical contribution is present. Accordingly, a computer-implemented business method or other method in which the only contribution to the state of the art is non-technical cannot constitute a patentable invention. |
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7 | JURI | + | 0:0 | If the contribution to the state of the art relates solely to unpatentable matter, there can be no patentable invention irrespective of how the matter is presented in the claims. For example, the requirement for technical contribution cannot be circumvented merely by specifying technical means in the patent claims. |
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8 | JURI | - | 0:0 | Furthermore, an algorithm is inherently non-technical and therefore cannot constitute a technical invention. Nonetheless, a method involving the use of an algorithm might be patentable provided that the method is used to solve a technical problem. However, any patent granted for such a method would not monopolise the algorithm itself or its use in contexts not foreseen in the patent. |
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9 | JURI | o | + | The scope of the exclusive rights conferred by any patent are defined by the claims. Computer-implemented inventions must be claimed with reference to either a product such as a programmed apparatus, or to a process carried out in such an apparatus. Accordingly, where individual elements of software are used in contexts which do not involve the realisation of any validly claimed product or process, such use will not constitute patent infringement. |
A emenda pode ter um benificio indirecto: parece contradizer a emenda 18 ao artigo 5 ao dizer que só aparelhos programados e processos podem ser reivindicados.
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 | JURI | -- | +- | The legal protection of computer-implemented inventions does not necessitate the creation of a separate body of law in place of the rules of national patent law. The rules of national patent law remain the essential basis for the legal protection of computer-implemented inventions. This Directive simply clarifies the present legal position having regard to the practices of the European Patent Office with a view to securing legal certainty, transparency, and clarity in the law and avoiding any drift towards the patentability of unpatentable methods, such as business methods. |
| 86 | PPE-DE | - | +o+ | The legal protection of computer-implemented inventions does not necessitate the creation of a separate body of law in place of the rules of national patent law. The rules of national patent law remain the essential basis for the legal protection of computer-implemented inventions. This Directive simply clarifies the present legal position with a view to securing legal certainty, transparency, and clarity of the law and avoiding any drift towards the patentability of unpatentable methods such as trivial procedures and business methods. |
A emenda 84 não pede a codificação da lei de acordo com a prática corrente do EPO, mas por outro lado fala de "métodos não patenteáveis, tais como procedimentos triviais e métodos de negócio". Não só os métodos de negócio triviais devem permanecer não patenteáveis, mas sim todos os métodos de negócio (senão haveria um desvio em relação ao Art 52 EPC, que deve ser evitado como foi sugerido na emenda 88).
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11 | JURI | - | + | The competitive position of European industry in relation to its major trading partners will be improved if the current differences in the legal protection of computer-implemented inventions are eliminated and the legal situation is transparent. With the present trend for traditional manufacturing industry to shift their operations to low-cost economies outside the European Union, the importance of intellectual property protection and in particular patent protection is self-evident. |
| 35 | EDD | + | - | The competitive position of European industry in relation to its major trading partners could be improved if the current schism in judicial practice concerning the limits of patentability with regard to computer programs was eliminated. |
| nr | auth | val | res | text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12 | JURI | - | 0 | This Directive should be without prejudice to the application of the competition rules, in particular Articles 81 and 82 of the Treaty. |